Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, and Arieh Warshel
This year's Nobel prize, awarded to M. Karplus, M. Levitt and A. Warshel, is also of significance to some MUST-related activities.
First, it is useful to briefly consider the official statement which says that it had been given for "multiscale modelling" which - when
reading the detailed information - really concerns mixed quantum/classical (QM/MM) simulations. One of the MUST PIs (Ursula Röthlisberger) has pioneered the implementation of QM/MM methods in the context of Car-Parrinello simulations and was one of the first to extend these techniques to electronically excited states. During MUST she and her group have also generalized QM/MM simulations to nonadiabatic dynamics in external fields. Her ground and excited state QM/MM simulations are now used in many collaborations within MUST (for the simulations of x-ray absorption spectra of complex systems (together with Majed Chergui and Rafael Abela) and for the control of photoactive proteins (together with Jean-Pierre Wolf).
Second, and more broadly, the prize was also awarded for the progress made in atomistic simulations - particularly that of complex chemical systems. For this, general purpose programs - such as CHARMM - need to be further developed and equipped with state-of-the art technologies for computing accurate intermolecular interactions which is done in the group of M. Meuwly, another MUST PI. Depending on the questions asked, complex systems can either be small solutes in an explicit solvent environment (such as molecular ions in water) or entire proteins. The dynamics of both such systems is being actively investigated in the groups of M. Meuwly and U. Röthlisberger and linked to experiments on ultrafast time scales carried out in several groups within MUST.
The current prize together with that for electronic structure calculations (Pople and Kohn, 1998) and femtochemistry (Zewail, 1999) is a clear demonstration for the central importance of theoretical and computational methods in modern Chemistry and Physics and in the NCCR MUST.
Markus Meuwly and Ursula Röthlisberger
First, it is useful to briefly consider the official statement which says that it had been given for "multiscale modelling" which - when
reading the detailed information - really concerns mixed quantum/classical (QM/MM) simulations. One of the MUST PIs (Ursula Röthlisberger) has pioneered the implementation of QM/MM methods in the context of Car-Parrinello simulations and was one of the first to extend these techniques to electronically excited states. During MUST she and her group have also generalized QM/MM simulations to nonadiabatic dynamics in external fields. Her ground and excited state QM/MM simulations are now used in many collaborations within MUST (for the simulations of x-ray absorption spectra of complex systems (together with Majed Chergui and Rafael Abela) and for the control of photoactive proteins (together with Jean-Pierre Wolf).
Second, and more broadly, the prize was also awarded for the progress made in atomistic simulations - particularly that of complex chemical systems. For this, general purpose programs - such as CHARMM - need to be further developed and equipped with state-of-the art technologies for computing accurate intermolecular interactions which is done in the group of M. Meuwly, another MUST PI. Depending on the questions asked, complex systems can either be small solutes in an explicit solvent environment (such as molecular ions in water) or entire proteins. The dynamics of both such systems is being actively investigated in the groups of M. Meuwly and U. Röthlisberger and linked to experiments on ultrafast time scales carried out in several groups within MUST.
The current prize together with that for electronic structure calculations (Pople and Kohn, 1998) and femtochemistry (Zewail, 1999) is a clear demonstration for the central importance of theoretical and computational methods in modern Chemistry and Physics and in the NCCR MUST.
Markus Meuwly and Ursula Röthlisberger